PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

1.     Present perfect tense

Present perfect tense used to express to action that began at the time in the past and not continuing until now. E.g :

1.      They have written a letter

2.      Amir has taken my pencil

The present perfect tense often uses adverb, example :

Since january	Almost
Since 1993	Just
Since i left school	Ever
For a week	So far
For three days	Up to now
For an hour	Never
For six years	Recently
lately	Yet

The formula of present perfect tense

Verbal sentence (+) = S + Have/has + V3 + O Example : she has done her assignment (-) = S + have/has +not +V3+ O Example : she has not her assignment (?) = has/have + she + V3+ O Example : has she done her assignment? Nominal sentence (+) = S + have/ has + been + complement Example : we have been successful (-) = S + have/ has+ not + been + complement Example : we have not been successful (?) = have/ has + S+ been + complement Example : have we been successful?