|
No
|
Old English
|
Meaning
|
Middle English
|
Meaning
|
Modern English
|
meaning
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
Gentle
(adjective)
|
born
of a good-family
|
Gentle
(adjective)
|
Courteous,
kind
|
Widening
|
|
2
|
Læwede
(Adj)
|
non-ecclesiastical
|
Lewd
(Adj)
|
uneducated,
unlearned
|
Lewd
(adj)
|
sexually
insinuating, ignorant
|
Pejorative
|
|
3
|
Silly
(adjective)
|
happy,
fortuitous
|
Silly
(adjective)
|
deserving
of pity
|
Silly
(adjective)
|
foolish
|
Pejorative
|
|
4
|
Sophisticated
(adjective)
|
specious,
fallacious reasoning
|
Sophisticated
(adjective)
|
unnatural,
contaminated
|
Sophisticated
(adjective)
|
urbane,
discriminating
|
|
|
5
|
fæste
(adjective)
|
Firm
in position
|
|
|
Fast
(adjective)
|
quick
|
|
|
6
|
Deer
(noun)
|
any
four-legged beast
|
|
|
Deer
(noun)
|
an
animal of the family Cervidae.
|
Narrowing
|
|
7
|
Villain
(noun)
|
farmhand
|
|
|
Villain
(noun)
|
Bad
guy
|
Pejorative
|
|
8
|
Gay
(noun)
|
happy,
carefree
|
|
|
Gay
(noun)
|
homosexuality
|
Pejorative
|
|
9
|
|
|
Business
(noun)
|
Busy,
anxious
|
Business
(noun)
|
A
corporation or occupation
|
widening
|
|
10
|
Lord
(noun)
|
Bread
keeper
|
|
|
Lord
(noun)
|
King,
God
|
ameliorative
|
|
11
|
Expedite
(verb)
|
to
free one caught by the foot,
|
|
|
Expedite
(verb)
|
the removal of any sort of difficulty
|
|
|
12
|
Starve
(verb)
|
more
generally to die
|
|
|
Starve
(verb)
|
to
be extremely hungry
|
narrowing
|
|
13
|
|
|
Cool
(adjective
|
a
jargon of jazz musicians
|
Cool
(adjective
|
something
preferable
|
widening
|
|
14
|
|
|
Profane
(adjective)
|
anything
outside the building of a church
|
Profane (adjective)
|
sinful,
evil."
|
pejorative
|
|
15
|
|
|
Pagan
(noun)
|
someone
who lived in the country
|
Pagan
(noun)
|
someone
who doesn't believe in God
|
pejorative
|
|
16
|
|
|
Doom
|
Judgment
|
Doom
|
death;
destruction
|
pejorative
|
|
17
|
|
|
Fatal
(adjective)
|
caused
by fate/destiny
|
Fatal
(adjective)
|
causing
death
|
pejorative
|
|
18
|
Decimate
(verb)
|
reduce
to one tenth in size
|
decimate
|
to
waste, destroy (verb)
|
Decimate
(verb)
|
the
original basic one is lost
|
|
|
19
|
Accident
(noun)
|
any
event, unforeseen.
|
|
|
Accident
(noun)
|
an
unintended injurious
|
|
|
20
|
Fowl
(noun)
|
Any bird
|
|
|
Fowl
(noun)
|
Kind
of bird
|
narrowing
|
|
21
|
Sand
(noun)
|
Sand,
shore
|
|
|
Sand
(noun)
|
the granular particles of disintegrated rock
that covered this land."
|
narrowing
|
|
22
|
Art
(noun)
|
general
meanings, connected to 'skill'
|
|
|
Art
(noun)
|
certain
kinds of skill,
|
narrowing
|
|
23
|
Hound
(noun)
|
dog
|
|
|
Hound
(noun)
|
a
particular breed of dog'
|
narrowing
|
|
24
|
Skyline
(skyline)
|
used
to refer to any horizon
|
|
|
Skyline
(noun)
|
a
horizon decorated by skyscrapers.
|
narrowing
|
|
25
|
Egregious
|
something
that was very good
|
|
|
Egregious
|
something
that was very good
|
pejorative
|
|
26
|
Demagogue
|
a
popular leader
|
|
|
Demagogue
|
a
politician who panders to emotions and prejudice.
|
|
|
27
|
Nice
(adjective)
|
ignorant
|
Nice
(adjective
|
Silly,
foolish
|
Nice
(adjective)
|
Pleasing,
agreeable
|
ameliorative
|
|
28
|
Apparent
(adjective)
|
in
appearance
|
|
|
Apparent
(adjective)
|
the
belief/opinion of the speaker
|
|
|
29
|
Culture
(noun)
|
collective
term referring to the arts and human intellectual
|
|
|
Culture
(noun)
|
general
set of attitudes and behavioural types
|
|
|
30
|
Engine
(noun)
|
mechanical
contrivance
|
|
|
Engine
(noun)
|
a
mechanical sense of power.
|
narrowing
|
Sabtu, 09 November 2013
SEMANTIC CHANGE
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